How to maintain electric vehicle motors

There are three main types of electric vehicle motors currently in use: brush-controlled electric vehicle motors, brushless low-speed electric vehicle motors, and brushed low-speed electric self-motors. Disagreement with which kind of motor, overload operation will shorten its service life.

When the motor of a brushed high-speed electric vehicle works under high current, the wear of the brush and reduction gear is accelerated. Brushed low-speed electric vehicle motors have higher iron loss and higher DC power consumption under high currents. Long-term riding will cause the motor to heat up, demagnetize the magnets, reduce efficiency and shorten service life. Therefore, the maintenance of brush motors should focus on brushes.

Although the brushless low-speed electric vehicle motor has no brushes, it needs a Hall reversing device. In the state of overload, the problem of poor commutation is likely to occur, forming a magnetic short circuit, which will burn out the controller and Hall components. Therefore, the impact of overload on the brushless motor is also great.

The motor is the power mechanism of an electric vehicle, and its performance has a direct impact on the performance of the electric vehicle. Maintenance and maintenance must be carried out.

Detect the degree of wear of electric bicycle brushes and commutators. Generally, the brush should be replaced when it is worn to 4～5mm away from the lead, and should be replaced when the commutator surface depth is greater than 0.5mm. Regardless of the degree of wear and tear, the brushes and commutators should be replaced regularly (usually two years) for the motors in normal use.

Whether it is a brush electric vehicle motor or a brushless electric vehicle motor, excessive input current will affect the performance. The voltage of the motor is supplied through the controller. The aging of the electronic components in the controller will cause the current input to the motor to increase. Therefore, the controller must be checked and replaced if necessary.

Regularly lubricate the gears, bearings and deceleration parts of the electric vehicle motor. If the gears and bearing inner and outer wear are too large, the anti-vibration plate is deformed, the spring performance is reduced or broken, the controller should be replaced.

Pay attention to frequently charging the battery of electric vehicles to maintain sufficient voltage to prevent the motor from heating due to insufficient voltage and accelerate the aging of the electric vehicle motor.